How Do I Use an Air Compressor? you need to check the oil level to make sure the compressor is properly lubricated and then plug the unit into the correct grounded.
Whether you need it for light work, like filling tires, or heavy work, like running nail guns or painting, an air compressor can be a useful addition to your toolbox. However, if you’ve never used an air compressor before, it can seem like a very intimidating tool. The use of an air compressor is simpler than you might think, so don’t be afraid!
I’ll walk you through every step of the procedure in this article, from the initial setup to packing everything away when you’re done. I’ll also cover some pointers and best practices for maintaining the durability of your compressor.
How to Get Started
Step 1 – Read the Owner’s Manual
Once you’ve got the compressor out of its packaging, you’ll want to give the user manual a good once-over before doing anything else. Although the vast majority of air compressors are covered by the advice in this guide, it still pays to read your user manual because it will have instructions and cautions for your particular model. It will also contain a few important specifications that will be useful later.
If for some reason you don’t have the user manual, you should be able to download one online by going to the manufacturer’s website or entering the compressor brand and model number into your preferred search engine (e.g. “craftsdude 1234567 manual”).
Step 2 – Check the Oil (If Applicable)
If your compressor is oil-lubricated, you should first check the oil level in it before attempting to operate it. You’ll need to add the oil yourself before first use because the majority of models come with empty oil reservoirs. Simply make sure the oil is clean and at the right level if you’re using a borrowed or previously owned compressor.
Check the oil level as per the instructions in your manual (typically using a dipstick or a small sight glass near the oil fill cap) and add the recommended oil if necessary; once more, refer to the manual for this information.
Step 3 – Position the Compressor
Before starting your compressor, make sure it’s on a solid, level surface. Compressors tend to vibrate quite a bit when they’re running. This vibration may even cause smaller models to move. The last thing you want is for your brand-new compressor to accidentally tip over or fall off of a workbench while it is in use. It should ideally be placed on flat, firm ground, like the garage’s concrete floor.
You’ll also want to put it where it won’t come into contact with moisture, if at all possible. That being said, if you have a gas-powered compressor, do not use it indoors, as it will produce carbon monoxide emissions and harmful exhaust fumes that can be very dangerous in an unventilated space.
Additionally, even when using an electric compressor, keep it away from other sources of CO emissions like wood stoves or car exhaust pipes because the dangerous gas can get inside the device and contaminate your compressed air supply.
Step 4 – Plug in the Power Cord
Next, you’ll want to plug in your compressor (assuming you’re using an electric model). Make sure the compressor’s power switch is in the “OFF” position before plugging in the power cord. Don’t forget to plug it directly into a grounded 3-prong outlet as well.
Avoid using power strips or extension cords with your air compressor, as these can throttle the power supply and cause damage to the pump motor. (To find out if your compressor can be used with any type of extension cord, consult your user manual. Some cords are rated to withstand the significant power requirements of compressor pumps.)
It is much better to use a longer hose or connect two hoses together if you need to use your compressor in a location without a suitable outlet.
Step 5 – Connect the Air Hose
Then, you’ll need to connect your air hose so that you can use your compressor. Your compressor will have at least one hose connector or “coupler” for this purpose. The coupler in question is a tiny metal cylinder with a hole at one end. One end of your air hose will have a “male” plug that fits into this hole.
The collar, which is the coupler’s outer portion, is slidable away from the end with the hole and, when released, springs back into position. This controls whether the plug is locked or unlocked.
Put the plug into the coupler until you hear it click to connect your hose. In some circumstances, you might need to slide the collar back as you insert the plug and then release it once the plug is fully seated. In either scenario, the plug is connected if you pull on it and it doesn’t come out.
Some larger compressors have threaded couplers, in which case you’ll have to screw on your hose plug – but these are much less common than the “quick-connect” couplers described above.
Many newer models have two couplers – one that connects directly to the tank and one that connects to the regulator valve, or two that both connect to the regulator. Most compressors will have a regulator valve coupler next to the regulated pressure gauge and a tank coupler next to the tank pressure gauge. For now, you’ll just want to connect your hose to the regulated coupler.
It’s also worth noting that there are a few different types of plugs and couplers – industrial, automotive, and universal. Most of the time, you’ll be working with universal couplers and plugs, which are compatible with both of the other types.
Step 6 – Connect Your Air Tool
Attach your desired air tool to the other end of the air hose, which is likely to have a female quick-connect coupler, after you have connected the air hose to the compressor. As before, simply insert the tool’s plug into the coupler until it clicks, then pull on the tool to make sure it is seated securely.
Step 7 – Check the Drain Valve
Make sure the tank drain valve is completely closed before starting the compressor. On the bottom of the air tank, this is usually a tiny wingnut or valve toggle. It may need to be tightened with a wrench, but don’t overtighten it. Check it by hand to make sure it is closed.
How to Use the Compressor
We’re ready to start operating our compressor now that it’s plugged in and ready to go.
Step 1 – Put on Protective Gear
It is advisable to don protective gear before turning on your compressor and starting to work. This means the proper shoes (working with power tools in flip-flops is a recipe for disaster), work goggles/glasses (to protect against flying debris), and earplugs/ear muffs (air compressors can be loud enough to damage your hearing). You may also want to wear gloves, depending on what kind of tools you’ll be using.
Step 2 – Turn on the Compressor
Once you’re all set, flip the power switch to the “ON” or “AUTO” position. It’s normal for the compressor to start making noise when it does so. As was already mentioned, it’s also typical for it to shake a little as it vibrates, though this primarily occurs with smaller models.
As the pump runs, keep an eye on the tank pressure gauge. As the tank fills, the needle will rise. It will activate the pump’s limit switch and turn the pump off automatically when it reaches its maximum PSI level (this number is typically prominently displayed on the compressor itself).
(Important: Immediately turn off the power if the pump doesn’t shut off when the maximum pressure is reached and the needle keeps rising above that pressure.)
Step 2a – “Break In” the Compressor
A break-in period may be necessary for some compressors before use. Usually, to do this, the tank drain valve and/or unloader valve are left open while the pump is running for a predetermined period of time (usually between 10 and 30 minutes). By doing this, the piston rings are more securely seated.
On compressors that are oil-lubricated, it also aids in flushing out any byproducts of manufacturing, such as factory oils or metal shavings (you’ll replace the oil right away after the break-in process).
To find out whether your model needs a break-in procedure, consult your user manual. If so, the manual will contain detailed instructions on how to carry out this task.
Step 3 – Test the Safety Release Valve
It is advisable to check the safety valve’s functionality while air is still in the tank. This valve – a small, cylindrical metal plug with a little ring attached to one end – will open to release air if the tank pressure gets too high.
Simply pull on the ring to test it; this will release the metal valve pin. You should hear air hissing out. The pin should automatically reposition itself to close the valve once you stop pulling on the ring. Turn off the power and speak with the manufacturer about replacing the valve if it is stuck or if it cannot move freely.
(You can do this before the tank is full if you prefer – simply turn the pump off when the tank gauge reads 10 PSI, perform the test, then turn the pump back on.)
Step 4 – Check Your Air Tool’s Pressure Rating
There is a recommended operating pressure range and maximum pressure rating for every air tool. If the tool doesn’t have this information, check the user manual that was included with it. For instance, a tool might have a maximum pressure rating of 120 PSI and an operating range of 75-90 PSI. The important thing is not to pump more pressure into the hose than your tool (or the hose itself) can handle – which brings us to step 5.
Step 5 – Adjust the Pressure Regulator
To ensure you’re supplying your air tool with the proper pressure, we’ll look to the regulated pressure gauge (often called the “output pressure” gauge). This will show you the pressure entering your tools through the air hose.
There will be a regulator knob close to this gauge, usually between it and the tank pressure gauge. This knob regulates the output pressure; turning it to the left (counterclockwise) or right (clockwise) will result in less pressure and vice versa.
So once you know the proper operating range for your air tool, simply adjust the regulator knob until the regulated pressure gauge shows that pressure. Never worry if the needle initially stays stationary when you turn the knob. For the gauge to begin registering, you probably only need to use the tool for a brief period of time.
Step 6 – Use Your Air Tool(s)
You are now prepared to begin working. The pressure in the storage tank will drop as you use the compressed air there. When it reaches a certain point (called cut-in pressure), the pump will kick back on to refill the tank. This is known as “recovery” and will repeat as long as the power toggle is turned on.
You might frequently find yourself waiting for your tank to refill if you’re using air more quickly than your pump can supply it. This is normal, especially for smaller compressors, but you shouldn’t overwork the compressor pump or exceed its duty cycle rating as this can overheat the motor and prematurely wear out the pump. It is advantageous to conduct some research and confirm that your compressor is compatible with the tools and applications you plan to use it with.
Pulling back on the coupler collar will release the air tool plug, making it easy to switch out air tools while it is in use. Pressure will likely be released, causing a brief burst of air. Next, attach the second tool.
After Use
Once you’ve finished using your compressor for the day, it’s time to shut it down and put it away. These are the procedures for carrying this out correctly.
Step 1 – Turn Off and Unplug the Compressor
Turn the power toggle to the “OFF” position and unplug the power cord from the outlet.
Step 2 – Drain the Air
First, completely depress the pressure regulator knob. The pressure in the tank should then be released by pulling the safety valve open. Continue until the tank pressure reaches 20–30 PSI.
Step 3 – Drain the Tank of Moisture
Next, open the drain valve on the bottom of the tank to bleed out any condensation that’s accumulated inside the storage tank (condensation forms as the air becomes too compressed to hold it as vapor).
Having a little bit of pressure left in the tank helps blow out the moisture more quickly – just be prepared for this sudden burst of air and water. You can place a shallow drain pan under the valve or simply perform this step in an area where you don’t mind getting a little wet. Re-close the valve once you’re finished. To keep rust from forming in your tank, this should ideally be done after each use.
Step 4 – Disconnect the Air Hose
When the tank is empty, unplug your air hose(s) from the compressor. There may still be a bit of pressure in the hose, so make sure you’re holding it tightly so it can’t whip out at you when you disconnect it from the coupler.
Step 5 – Store Your Compressor
Finally, you’ll want to coil your power cord and air hose neatly and store everything for next time. It’s ideal to keep your compressor upright in a spotless, reasonably climate-controlled space. Try to keep it away from moisture, dust, and other contaminates.
Test the Safety Valve
Pull the safety valve. It ought to be close to the hose line where you can find it. You’re in good shape if you pull it and hear air hiss. Just before starting the compressor, push the valve back into position. If you can close the valve and don’t hear air escaping, you’re probably still in good shape.
Adjust the Air Regulator
You must turn the regulator knob in the following step. One way (usually clockwise) will give you more pressure while the opposite direction will lower it. The compressor stabilises in a short period of time. Make minor adjustments as necessary until you achieve your goals.
As compressed air travels through the hose to your tool with each use, the pressure in the tank will decrease. The compressor will restart and fill the tank if the pressure in the tank falls too low.
But other factors must also be taken into account. Check the SCFM requirement, or how much airflow the tool requires, as well. While air sanders require continuous, high-flow airflow, nailers only need a brief burst of air.
Know Your Duty Cycle Rating
Every compressor has a duty cycle rating. The motor is capable of handling that work rate without endangering itself. Some compressors have a 100% duty cycle, which allows for continuous use throughout the day if desired.
Others might only work 50% of the time. It requires a 5-minute break after every 5-minutes of use. The amount of time an air compressor can run (in 10-minute intervals, for example) is frequently specified for air compressors with duty cycles less than 100%.
Maintaining Your Air Compressor
At the end of the day, both you and your compressor need to take a break.
Drain the Tank
When you finished your work, you’ll need to open the drain valve on the underside of the tank to release any moisture. Water and metal typically don’t get along for very long, so this needs to be done after every use. The rusting process is accelerated where we are in Central Florida by a small amount of airborne salt. You won’t notice the rust until brown water starts to come out of the tank because it starts on the inside of the tank.
First, shut off the compressor. Any moisture that has accumulated near the tank’s bottom will be forced out when you open the drain valve thanks to the escaping air. Alternately, you can switch off the air supply to the hose and shut off the compressor by turning the pressure regulator knob. Then, watch for the compressor’s pressure to release. To quickly release the air, pull the pressure relief valve. However, the moisture won’t be released in this way.
Keep An Eye on the Air Filter
Create the routine of regularly checking the air filter. A motor may stop working if it is starved of enough gunk. When you notice a sizable buildup on it, replace it.
Check That Oil One More Time
After you’ve finished storing away hoses, take this opportunity to check the oil again, and replace it if it’s dropped too low. You should completely replace the oil once a year. For advice on how to approach this, consult your manual.
Air Tanks Have a Lifespan
Tanks for air compressors only last so long. Despite the fact that draining the tank will make it last longer, it will eventually be vulnerable to bursting. Check the data label to see when you should replace the air tank.
Final Words
Now that you’ve used your compressor for the first time, you’ll just want to keep up with the maintenance. Last but not least, feel free to add any hints or advice you may have about using an air compressor in the comments section below.